O presente artigo intenciona realizar uma breve investigação da relação dialética subjetividade-objetividade numa perspectiva emancipatória da classe oprimida. Com efeito, nosso objeto de estudo, a pedagogia do oprimido em Paulo Freire, será analisado numa perspectiva dialógica com o pensamento marxiano, com vistas a encontrar algumas marcas fundamentais da contribuição do filósofo alemão na constituição do ideário crítico freiriano. Destacamos aqui que o problema central da pesquisa, qual seja: a relação mundo e consciência, institui-se como problema indeclinável para o processo de (...) luta histórica e social. (shrink)

O VÍNCULO ENTRE NACIONALIDADE E DIREITOS HUMANOS: UMA ANÁLISE DA APATRIDIA À LUZ DO PENSAMENTO DE HANNAH ARENDT.

_Review of: Consani, Cristina Foroni; Klein, Joel T.; Nour Sckell, Soraya, _Cosmopolitanism: From the Kantian Legacy to Contemporary Approaches_, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2021, pp. 327. ISBN 978-3-428-58460-4._.

Background Despite nurses receiving education on how to respond during crises, the stress and demands arising from unprecedented situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may affect their work engagement. Aim To appraise and synthesize studies examining work engagement among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods It is a systematic review in which three databases were searched. Critical appraisal tools and PRISMA guidelines were used. Content analysis was performed. Ethical considerations Ethical approval was not required for this systematic (...) review. Findings A total of 21 studies were included. The results were classified into three categories: (1) levels and meanings of work engagement, (2) the relationship of work engagement with various factors, and (3) measures to enhance work engagement. Conclusion The review revealed that nurses’ work engagement varied from moderate to high. Factors such as education level and work schedule flexibility influenced their engagement. Positive associations were found between work engagement and job satisfaction, intention to stay, and organizational support, while stress and workload showed negative relationships. The crucial role of health policymakers, hospital administrators, and nurse managers in acting ethically, creating favorable working conditions and fostering nurses’ work engagement was emphasized. (shrink)

En 1964, Glauber Rocha dirigió la película Dios y el Diablo en la Tierra del Sol. Año en el que Brasil sufrió el golpe de estado militar. En este momento, hablar de política o problemas sociales era un asunto turbio debido a la fuerte amenaza de represión. Glauber escribió y dirigió esta película que versa acerca de la dicotomía entre el bien y el mal, lo culto y lo inculto, el orden y el desorden, las diferencias sociales, las construcciones simbólicas (...) del espacio como semiosfera, las fronteras y la ruptura de éstas, que provocan el caos. Para el director, la religión guarda una relación muy estrecha con la política. Se plasma el deseo por el poder en los vínculos sociales-políticos (interés de los terratenientes sobre los trabajadores) y religiosos (interés de los predicadores sobre los creyentes). Este análisis discurre sobre dichas dualidades simbólicas, fijándonos en la discusión semiótica realizada por teóricos como Yuri Lotman, Michael Foucault, Mijaíl Bajtín, Umberto Eco, entre otros. La intención es analizar de qué manera Glauber Rocha construye los espacios simbólicos a lo largo de su discurso fílmico, y conocer el mensaje crítico que transmite. (shrink)

Este trabalho toma como disparador duas situações de sala de aula em que se questiona se a imaginação como gênero do conhecimento constitui uma ameaça ou uma possibilidade potencial do desenvolvimento humano. Para tanto, estudamos o prefácio e os dois primeiros capítulos do Tratado Teológico Político, o Tratado da Reforma da Inteligência, e a Ética de Espinosa. Nesse sentido buscamos compreender as possíveis repercussões do estudo do conceito espinosano de imaginação no âmbito educacional contemporâneo.

Human life in contemporary society is extremely complex and there are various external factors that directly affect the realization in the individual ends. In this work I analyze the effects of the global market economy, manifested by a mode of production and distribution of goods and services in the form of a global network of economic relations, which involve people, transnational corporations and political and social institutions in moral sphere of people, affecting their choices and the realization of these choices. (...) Individual freedom can be understand as a freedom to realize our choices in the environment of a global economic market, but it is still problematic in the sense that the choices of goods and services available in this market do not reflect individual choices, but a set of preferences standardized according to the market itself. In this paper I will reflect about the individual freedom in economic globalization pointing from the debate between Pettit and Berlin that social freedom advocated by Republican Petit can be satisfactory for a start. (shrink)

Chronic pain is a serious public health problem with a strong affective-motivational component that makes it difficult to treat. Most patients with chronic pain suffer from severe depression; hence, both conditions coexist and exacerbate one another. Brain inflammatory mediators are critical for maintaining depression-pain syndrome and could be substrates for it. The goal of our paper was to review clinical and preclinical findings to identify the neuroinflammatory profile associated with the cooccurrence of pain and depression. In addition, we aimed to (...) explore the regulatory effect of neuronal reorganization on the inflammatory response in pain and depression. We conducted a quantitative review supplemented by manual screening. Our results revealed inflammatory signatures in different preclinical models and clinical articles regarding depression-pain syndrome. We also identified that improvements in depressive symptoms and amelioration of pain can be modulated through direct targeting of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and molecular inhibitors of the inflammatory cascade. Additionally, therapeutic targets that improve and regulate the synaptic environment and its neurotransmitters may act as anti-inflammatory compounds, reducing local damage-associated molecular patterns and inhibiting the activation of immune and glial cells. Taken together, our data will help to better elucidate the neuroinflammatory profile in pain and depression and may help to identify pharmacological targets for effective management of depression-pain syndrome. (shrink)

Neste trabalho são apresentados dados e reflexões sobre a proposta pedagógica de Ensino Médio Politécnico, implantada desde 2012 nas escolas públicas estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Tendo como pano de fundo as concepções do Educar pela Pesquisa e da Interdisciplinaridade - eixos norteadores da parte diversificada denominada Seminário Integrado -, a investigação teve cunho qualitativo, apresentando inferências sobre as compreensões acerca do conceito de pesquisa alcançadas pelos estudantes. As intervenções pedagógicas da investigação foram desenvolvidas em quatro turmas de (...) uma escola em Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul, encaminhadas no início do ano letivo de 2015. Por meio da análise qualitativa das falas dos alunos, da identificação da ampliação da complexidade dos seus respectivos mapas conceituais, confeccionados no software CmapTools, assim como da avaliação quanto à profundidade dos projetos encaminhados, pôde-se evidenciar ampla evolução nas compreensões dos alunos quanto ao conceito de pesquisa, percebendo-se assim que a metodologia aplicada nessa investigação foi profícua. (shrink)

A Psicologia Comunitária pode ser defi nida como uma área da Psicologia Social da Libertação (Góis, 2005), voltada para a compreensão da atividade comunitária como atividade social significativa e consciente e para a compreensão dos seus reflexos nas dimensões objetivas e subjetivas. O presente arti..

We investigated the influence of maternal depression (MD) on the communication and motor dimensions of child neurodevelopment, by a longitudinal and descriptive study. We assessed 1,555 mother-baby dyads from two Brazilian cities with discrepant sociodemographic characteristics: Ribeirão Preto (RP) (N=663) and São Luís (SL) (N=892). MD during pregnancy and at the second year of child´s life was assessed, respectively, through the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-CES-D (≥24) and the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale-EPDS (≥12). Child development was assessed through the (...) screening test from the Bayley Scale (BSID-III), when children were 12-24 months old. There was association between MD at the second year of child´s life and impairment on the Receptive Communication dimension of language development, especially when analysis included depression during pregnancy and sociodemographic variables. Such association was found only in the city with worse sociodemographic indicators. Our findings supported the influence of MD in the second year of child´s life on child neurodevelopment, specifically on the Receptive Communication dimension of language development in SL. Moreover, findings suggested a possible role of environmental and socioeconomic variables in such association, drawing attention to prenatal care monitoring and intervention programs for mothers living in unfavorable socioeconomic contexts. (shrink)

ABSTRACTHow do we perceive voices coming from different spatial locations, and how is this affected by emotion? The current study probed the interplay between space and emotion during voice percept...

ABSTRACTIn verbal communication, affective information is commonly conveyed to others through spatial terms. This study used a target location discrimination task with neutral, positive and negative stimuli to test the automaticity of the emotion-space association, both in the vertical and horizontal spatial axes. The effects of stimulus type on emotion-space representations were also probed. A congruency effect was observed in the vertical axis: detection of upper targets preceded by positive stimuli was faster. This effect occurred for all stimulus types, indicating (...) that the emotion-space association is not dependent on sensory modality and on the verbal content of affective stimuli. (shrink)

There is widespread interest in the possibility that music training enhances nonmusical abilities. This possibility has been examined primarily for speech perception and domain-general abilities su...

A equipe da Enfermagem é privilegiada, pois, é o cuidador que permanece vinte e quatro horas na assistência direta do paciente, podendo ter uma visão ampliada da pessoa no processo do adoecimento, tendo a oportunidade de incorporar e desenvolver os princípios dos Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Na perspectiva holística da saúde a religião/religiosidade/espiritualidade é uma das possibilidades de cuidado e manejo, porém ainda muito negligenciada pelos profissionais da saúde, seja por desconhecimento ou preconceitos e tabus, mas que se torna essencial no (...) cuidado de pacientes em CP. Por meio deste relato de experiência, objetiva-se ressaltar a importância da religião/religiosidade/espiritualidade, no cuidado e manejo de pacientes em CP, a partir da experiência de uma profissional da enfermagem, sua prática em cuidados e docência, supervisionando alunos com pacientes em contexto dos CP. Anos acompanhando alunos na prática, demonstraram que os profissionais da enfermagem têm dificuldade de identificar o Sofrimento Espiritual (SE) dos pacientes, e quando identificavam, não sabiam o que fazer com esta demanda, delegando a outros profissionais da equipe, que também tinham dificuldades, causando um (des)cuidado na Dimensão Espiritual (DE) do paciente em CP, trazendo-o mais sofrimento e desconforto com sua finitude. Como resultado dessas reflexões, está sendo desenvolvida uma pesquisa de pós-doutorado, destinada a identificar a DE, construção de roteiro de educação permanente. Em síntese, esses profissionais tendo a capacitação para identificar o SE, explorar e cuidar da DE, poderão promover a proteção da saúde mental, tanto do paciente em CP quanto sua, e tornarem-se profissionais mais sensíveis na finitude. (shrink)

La película es una expresión artística que permite a los estudiantes entrar en contacto con temas sensibles, como la muerte, el duelo y los cuidados paliativos. Este Proyecto de Extensión tiene como objetivo describir la experiencia de la comunidad académica de una Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro con el Cineclube da Morte. Su propuesta metodológica es producir procesos de aprendizaje con el propósito de difundir y dilucidar temas relacionados con la finitud humana y cualquier tema que permea la muerte (...) para los académicos, ayudándolos en la construcción de ese conocimiento, acogiéndolos a la salud mental y apoyándolos en el dolor derivado de la muerte. Temas difíciles sobre la muerte y la pérdida, que impregnan la vida cotidiana. El Proyecto realiza encuentros mensuales promoviendo la proyección de películas y su reflexión, así como espacios de experiencias personales, donde el público se divide en pequeños grupos de discusión, se comparten historias personales, se introducen conceptos y docentes de enfermería y psicología apoyan y Para casos más complejos, todo este proceso dura una media de 3h30. Al final de las reuniones, se pone a disposición vía correo electrónico un formulario de Google con las preguntas: ¿Qué punto de la discusión te llamó la atención? ¿Qué aprendiste de esta reunión? A través de estas respuestas se está construyendo una base de datos para que pueda haber mejoras. En cada encuentro se viven nuevas experiencias, se comparten nuevas historias y se comienzan a discutir y desmitificar temas tabú como la “muerte”, posibilitando nuevas formas de gestión y atención humanizada de los pacientes en cuidados paliativos y de los distintos duelos vividos. (shrink)

This paper analyses the role of foreign and local companies in shaping Brazilian positions on global sustainability. It deals with an empirical investigation of CSR practices of firms from the electronics, food, and personal care sectors in response to pressures of 'market' and 'non-market' stakeholders. The results demonstrate that CSR decisions by foreign and local firms are triggered by organisational considerations and anticipated economic gains. The degree of implementation of CSR activities by foreign firms is more advanced than that of (...) local firms. The survey also confirms the hypothesis that market stakeholders exert pressure on companies and positively influence CSR. Non-market stakeholders seem to have a minor effect on corporate social responsibility decisions. We conclude that the institutional environment is a critical determinant of the extent to which the dialogue between stakeholders and companies leads to the attainment of sustainable development. (shrink)

Introdução: As aulas virtuais se tornaram o principal meio de ensino das instituições educacionais diante da pandemia, e essa mudança repercutiu diretamente na autoestima dos estudantes e consequentemente nos rendimentos acadêmicos. Objetivo: avaliar a autoestima dos estudantes de enfermagem em contexto pandêmico. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa. A coleta e análise de dados se deu a partir da escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (The Rosenberg Self-Esteem) e de instrumento complementar desenvolvido pelos autores. A pesquisa foi (...) realizada no Centro de Educação e Saúde da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, com 155 estudantes do Curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem. Resultados: Dentre os participantess, 60,7% apresentam valores que indicam uma autoestima diminuída de modo geral. Os números indicam que a maioria absoluta apresentava uma baixa autoestima, decorrente do período vivenciado na pandemia, com uma pontuação entre 7 e 12 no escore, o que representa 89,7% dos entrevistados. Isso mostra que o desgaste vivenciado pelos estudantes durante esse tempo é presente e notório. Conclusão: A baixa autoestima está presente entre os estudantes, como mostram os resultados obtidos através dessa pesquisa, que podem sugerir que essa autoestima diminuída seja advinda do período vivenciado pela pandemia. (shrink)

A sociedade brasileira no que diz respeito a sua estrutura de relações sociais como conhecemos, tem início no Brasil colônia a qual a instituição de maior força era a escravagista. Nesse sentido, as formações e interações de classes da sociedade brasileira foram arregimentadas pelo racismo, sendo ele escancarado no passado, com leis e naturalização das práticas de disciminação racial, e mantendo grande influência atualmente com a utilização de “máscaras” que encontram para legitimar sua atuação na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse contexto, nos (...) últimos anos tem-se observado a atuação irregular de ações policiais no país, principalmente nas comunidades periféricas, sendo utilizada a brutalidade e a violência física e moral dos sujeitos, violando direitos humanos e fundamentais, e colocando em perigo a vida de crianças e adolescentes que residem nesses ambientes, sobretudo, as negras, reconhecendo assim a existência do racismo estrutural. Considerando que o país é democrático, e reconhecendo que os atores sociais possuem a capacidade de influenciar nas mudanças e construções de políticas capazes de discutir os fundamentos da vida pública e social, esta proposta de pesquisa tem por objetivo refletir como a brutalidade policial afeta a confiança de crianças negras no Estado democrático por meio de instituições de segurança e proteção. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica, qualitativa e descritiva. (shrink)

Voices are a complex and rich acoustic signal processed in an extensive cortical brain network. Specialized regions within this network support voice perception and production and may be differentially affected in pathological voice processing. For example, the experience of hallucinating voices has been linked to hyperactivity in temporal and extra-temporal voice areas, possibly extending into regions associated with vocalization. Predominant self-monitoring hypotheses ascribe a primary role of voice production regions to auditory verbal hallucinations. Alternative postulations view a generalized perceptual salience (...) bias as causal to AVH. These theories are not mutually exclusive as both ascribe the emergence and phenomenology of AVH to unbalanced top-down and bottom-up signal processing. The focus of the current study was to investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying predisposition brain states for emergent hallucinations, detached from the effects of inner speech. Using the temporal voice area localizer task, we explored putative hypersalient responses to passively presented sounds in relation to hallucination proneness. Furthermore, to avoid confounds commonly found in in clinical samples, we employed the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale for the quantification of HP levels in healthy people across an experiential continuum spanning the general population. We report increased activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus during the perception of voice features that positively correlates with increased HP scores. In line with prior results, we propose that this right-lateralized pSTG activation might indicate early hypersensitivity to acoustic features coding speaker identity that extends beyond own voice production to perception in healthy participants prone to experience AVH. (shrink)

This paper offers a novel interpretation of the 1890 British Ultimatum, by bringing to the front of the stage its techno-diplomatic dimension, often invisible in the canonical diplomatic and military narratives. Furthermore, we use an unconventional historical source to grasp the British–Portuguese imperial conflict over the African hinterland via the building of railways: the cartoons of the politically committed and polyvalent Portuguese artist and journalist Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (1846–1905), published in his journal Ponto nos iis, from the end of (...) 1889 and throughout 1890. We argue that the Ponto nos iis cartoons played a so far overlooked role in the unfolding of British–Portuguese affairs, as they shaped at a distance a diplomatic exchange with the British satirical journal Punch. Attacking and counterattacking his fellow cartoonists in Britain, Pinheiro surged into the role of informal diplomat. This cartoon visual and public diplomacy unfolded in the pages of both journals and was tied to the two countries’ colonial conquests in Africa, where the Portuguese and British empires were competing to dominate the African hinterland through large technological systems. Hence the cartoons made visible to wider audiences the otherwise hidden role that technologies played in the two countries’ affairs. In turn, the cartoons aimed at persuading the Portuguese public and ruling classes alike that only regime change, from monarchic to republican, would restore the wounded Portuguese national pride. (shrink)

O presente Relato é resultado dos estudos na disciplina Antropologia Visual, ministrada pelo professor Dr. Flavio Leonel no Programa de mestrado em Linguagens e Saberes na Amazônia da Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Bragança. Diante da fundamentação teórica apreciada durante a disciplina pensamos discutir o conceito de memória apresentado por Paul Ricoeur, em que o autor baseia-se em duas perguntas: de que há lembrança? De quem é a memória? Podemos atribuir a esses questionamentos a passagem de paradigma: do fato (...) que é lembrado, ao sujeito que lembra tal fato. Dessa forma, a memória dos Ka’apor pode remeter a imagens do passado e reconstituir o presente das novas aldeias criadas dentro do seu Território. Assim, o relato faz um recorte teórico de conceitos chaves do que foi o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, cujo tema é A SIGNIFICAÇÃO DO LUGAR E AS NOVAS TERRITORIALIDADES DOS KA’APOR NAS ALDEIAS IPU’Y RENDA E TURIZINHO. Além disso, proponho apresentar as reflexões dos pesquisadores Ana Luiza Carvalho, Fernando Tacca, Carlo Severi e Jacques Aumont no bojo do conceito de imagem relacionando com as fotografias adquiridas durante experiência como professora do projeto de escolarização ka’apor, nos anos 2012 e 2013, denominado Ka’a namõ jumu’e ha katu – Aprendendo com a Floresta. (shrink)

It is untrue that, as Hegel said in 1807 in the Phänomenologie, «the wounds of the spirit heal and leave no scar behind; what is done is not indelible, but is reassumed by the spirit» (GW 9, 360) since the ground of reality, that reality which, as indicated by Kant, seems to be submerged in evil (Ak. VI), refuses to be tamed by concepts. Disappearance without remnant, that dissolution (Verschwindung) mentioned by Hegel would suppose that there is no remnant of (...) evil, thatits effects in history-such as the Jacobin terror with its macabre liturgy of severed heads referred to in the above passage of the Phänomenologieare nothing more than moments to be sublate (aufgehoben), part of a necessary process. There is no remnant to be explained. All is revealed: Offenbarung der Tiefe. The relationship between Hegel and Schelling has in this topic, the problem of evil and its meaning in history (Geschichte), one of its key points: in Schelling one can see a hollow which constitutes a pathway to the problem of finitude and evil, studied in depth in the Freiheitsschrift of 1809, partly as a response to the critics expressed by Hegel in the Phänomenologie. While Hegel reduced evil to an abstract negation, to be overcome through a determinated negation as a sign ofthe reason in history, in Schelling evil would remain a permanent possibility that can never be dissolved (verschwinden) or overcome (aufgehoben) any way. (shrink)

Pretende-se analisar a liberdade sexual e política das mulheres nas luzes britânicas a partir de uma investigação dos escritos de Bernard Mandeville e Delarivier Manley. O primeiro se apresenta como um pensador que se difere, profundamente, da maior parte dos filósofos da república das letras, no que diz respeito às análises e observações geralmente legadas ao sexo feminino, já que reconhece a desigualdade entre os sexos como artificial. Já a segunda, também partindo de uma consideração acerca das desigualdades artificiais, fornece (...) uma chave para compreender a dinâmica de poder existente entre os sexos e as diferentes consequências de tal dinâmica para a reputação. Com esta pesquisa pretende-se não apenas apresentar como as mulheres eram subalternizadas na era das luzes, mas, também, explicar como esta dinâmica se preservava em uma era tão refinada. (shrink)

Socio-cultural shifts during the 1960s and 1970s included widespread secularization, challenges to authority and tradition, and an emphasis on individual choice. Healthcare and biomedical research advances accompanied these social changes, giving rise to numerous ethical and policy questions. The contemporary bioethics project emerged in this context with (at least) three aims: (1) to offer practical answers to these questions (often) in ways that (2) facilitate or support particular practices or goals (e.g., organ donation or human research) and that (3) appear (...) broadly applicable and legitimately enforceable. Philosophical thinking, which involves investigating and disambiguating concepts and categories, articulating conceptually clear definitions, and mapping arguments to identify premises, detect fallacies, and describe their logical implications, can undermine the practical goals of the bioethics project. This tension between the goals of bioethics and philosophical thinking might help to explain what some scholars see as a disinterest in philosophical thinking in bioethics today. (shrink)

The 20th century eugenics movement in the USA and contemporary practices involving prenatal screening (PNS), prenatal diagnosis (PND), abortion and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) share important morally relevant similarities. I summarise some features of the 20th century eugenics movement; describe the contemporary standard of care in the USA regarding PNS, PND, abortion and PGD; and demonstrate that the ‘old eugenics’ the contemporary standard of care share the underlying view that social resources should be invested to prevent the birth of people (...) with certain characteristics. This comparison makes evident the difficulty of crafting moral arguments that treat some uses of PNS, PND, abortion and PGD as licit and others as illicit. (shrink)

This article deals with the relationship between argumentation and persuasion. It defends the idea that these two concepts are not as opposed as all too often said. If it is important to recognize their differences (there are argumentative discourses without persuasion and persuasive discourses without argumentation), there is nevertheless an overlap, in which characteristics are taken from both. We propose to call this overlap “persuasive argumentation”. In order to bridge argumentation and persuasion, we will first distinguish the latter from manipulation. (...) In the second part of this article, we will analyze four cases of persuasive argumentation: the enthymeme, a few rhetorical figures, narration and visual argumentation. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Persons generally must give their informed consent to participate in research. To provide informed consent persons must be given information regarding the study in simple, lay language. Consent must be voluntary, and persons giving consent must be legally competent to consent and possess the capacity to understand and appreciate the information provided. This paper examines the relationship between the obligation to disclose information regarding risks and the requirement that persons have the capacity to understand and appreciate the information. There (...) has been insufficient attention to the extent to which persons must be able to understand and appreciate study information in order to have their consent deemed valid when the information is provided in simple, lay language. This paper argues that (1) the capacity to understand and appreciate information that should be deemed necessary to give valid consent should be defined by the capacity of the typical, cognitively normal adult and (2) the capacity of the typical, cognitively normal adult to understand and appreciate the concept of risk is limited. Therefore, (3) all things being equal, potential subjects must possess a limited capacity to understand and appreciate risk to be deemed competent to consent to research participation. (4) In some cases investigators ought to require that persons possess a greater than typical capacity to understand and appreciate risk. (shrink)

São descritas Oficinas Terapêuticas conduzidas por psicólogos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial – álcool e drogas, direcionadas a adultos de ambos os sexos, usuários de álcool e/ou outras drogas. Seus objetivos principais eram proporcionar espaços de expressão, construção e transformação subjeti..

Roman Catholic healthcare institutions in the United States face a number of threats to the integrity of their missions, including the increasing religious and moral pluralism of society and the financial crisis many organizations face. These organizations in the United States often have fought fervently to avoid being obligated to provide interventions they deem intrinsically immoral, such as abortion. Such institutions no doubt have made numerous accommodations and changes in how they operate in response to the growing pluralism of our (...) society, but they have resisted crossing certain lines and providing particular interventions deemed objectively wrong. Catholic hospitals in Belgium have responded differently to pluralism. In response to a growing diversity of moral views and to the Belgian Act of Euthanasia of 2002, Catholic hospitals in Belgium now engage in euthanasia. This essay examines a defense that has been offered of this practice of euthanasia in Catholic hospitals and argues that it is misguided. (shrink)

La mentoría como programa de formación en el inicio de la vida profesional del docente principiante se presenta como una oportunidad para la mejora de la calidad de las instituciones educativas y de sus agentes. Al mismo tiempo, revierte sobre la comunidad y el territorio donde se ubica. En contextos reconocidos como vulnerables se necesitan agentes educativos vocacionales y con un alto nivel de resiliencia, y con una meta clara: formar a personas plenas que contribuyan con su sentir, ser y (...) hacer al desarrollo de la comunidad en la que habitan. (shrink)

The management of obesity in childhood may be more difficult than in adulthood, since the child is subject to the influence of the lifestyle of his relatives. Those with incorrect eating habits tend to become obese in adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, the prevention of obesity and other health problems should occur from the fetal period and soon after birth, continuing for the rest of life. Therefore, it is important that adequate pedagogical proposals become effective in schools to minimize the barrier (...) between theory and practice, as well as to develop teaching-learning activites about healthy eating. Teaching children the importance of healthy nutrition and giving them subsidies for them to practice is the best way to train adults with good eating habits. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the contributions of feeding and nutritional education activities in the prevention and fight against obesity in schoolchildren, by means of an integrative review of the literature. (shrink)

Por incorporar a esperança na pedagogia crítica para, um só tempo, humanizar radicalmente a educação e transformar a sociedade, ele faz aumentar nossas expectativas sobre o que são capazes de fazer uma teoria e uma pedagogia ao construir um caminho que demonstra a indissociabilidade de ordem teórica e prática.